Introduction
Blood grouping is the classification of blood based on the presence or absence of two inherited antigenic substances on the surface of red blood cells (RBC). The ABO and Rh factors are the most important of all the blood group systems. The ABO blood group system was first discovered by Karl Landsteiner in 1900. The human ABO blood group system is divided into the following four major groups depending on the antigen present on the surface of their red blood cells –
- Blood Group “O”
- Blood Group “A”
- Blood Group “B”
- Blood Group “AB”
Principle
The ABO and Rh blood grouping system is based on agglutination reaction. When red blood cells carrying one or both the antigens are exposed to the corresponding antibodies they interact with each other to form visible agglutination or clumping.
The Experiment
Here we shall see how the process of identifying the blood group is done. Read the following points carefully.
- First we take the sample blood of a person in syringe and put its 3 drops on a slide.
- Then put 3 drops of each Serum, Anti A Sera, Anti B Sera & Anti RhD Sera on each blood drop.
- When Antiserum is added on the blood drops either agglutination occurs or may not occur.
- Some of the results of agglutination or no agglutination is shown in below given photograph –
Observation Chart
There are maximum 8 possibilities as shown in following chart –
Simple Binary Chart
Task for the students
Now that you have already worked on the initial project of Sanguinoscope, you have to extend the project coding with possible Rh factor for progeny when you know the Rh factor of Mother and Father.
For that you will have to consult your known Physician and discuss with him. He will explain you the correct combination. Note his/her suggestions and finally write the extended code to include the Rh factor possibilities in our project.
Wish you all the best…!
If you have any difficulty, please write your comment below.